road leveling using a telescope and staffs
Types of foundation. 1. Concrete strip FOUNDATION. ü They are frequently used. ü They consist of continuous mass concrete strips poured in the bottom of the trenches. ü These foundations supports load bearing walls which are centered on the concrete strips to spread the pressure from the walls, roofs, and other floor loads evenly. ü The concrete strip is usually a uniform width and depth. ü The foundation must be wide and deep enough to avoid soil movement that could cause instability ü Depending on soil conditions, the max depth may be 900mm. ü The concrete must be at least as thick as its projection from the base of the wall. ü This ensures that the pressure of the building loads are distributed in the concrete at an angle of 45°. 2. Deep strip FD The deep strip foundation is a variation of strip foundations. Deep str...
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